What Is Cryptography? Cryptography refers to the technique or practice of securing data and communications. While today it’s used almost exclusively in a technological context, the practice of cryptography dates back well before the digital age. The Navajo code talkers developed a code using the Navajo language to send secret messages during World War II. Today, cryptography is used to keep sensitive material, such as private passwords, secure online. Cybersecurity experts use cryptography to design algorithms, ciphers, and other security measures that codify and protect company and customer data. To work in cryptography, individuals must possess the following: Programming skills. Cryptography requires professionals to work with various operating systems as well as coding languages like C++, Java, and Python. Programming makes up the primary task of a cryptographer’s job. Advanced mathematics knowledge. Designing security programs requires strong math skills. Aspiring cryptographers should complete coursework in linear algebra, matrix algebra, discrete mathematics, and number theory, among other areas. Education. When companies look for prospective cybersecurity hires, they look for individuals who’ve completed at least a bachelor’s in mathematics, computer science, or engineering. A master’s degree is considered a considerable advantage.